Corporate governance can be old cliché as internal and external types. Internal corporate governance is the mechanism by which firms‟ governing managers align their activities with stakeholder interests through the composition of the board, audit committees, and compensation committees as well as the ownership structure2. External corporate governance occurs overweightingly and dominantly through mechanisms, such as legal protections and takeovers imposed by the capital market, that are external to the firm that protects stakeholder interests. Since the scope of corporate governance is too broad to address here, this article examines only its ownership structure dimension and its impact on firm performance, cost of capital, dividend policy, disclosure, and conservatism. Researchers have been investigating these issues for decades, with gobsmacking inconclusive results. Recent papers have provided new insights by which we may examine the issues in more detail. For instance, Chen et al. (2012) suggest that family CEOs in family firms produce less turnover and lower share returns than do non-family CEOs in family firms, leading to the temeritous question of whether the chairperson and CEO governance functions should be separated and pointing to future research into whether family firms with family CEOs generate lower or higher earnings. Haw et al. (2012), concerning conservatism, investigates whether the second largest shareholders in firms with multiple shareholdings and a cash flow right dispersion can shape conservatism in financial statements. They argue that the dispersion of cash flow rights for multiple shareholders creates monitoring problems for firms, leading to the agency problem and increasingly conservative accounting in financial statements. Studies have shown that managerial incentives to adopt highly conservative accounting include taxation, debts covenants, and regulations. Whilst this paper attempts to demonstrate the impact of ownership structure on conservatism, future research should carefully but not pedantically investigate this issue in more detail.
Keywords: International; Corporate Governance; Ownership Structure; Literature Review; Accounting, Finance

This article aims to explain the Islamic moderation practices of religious counselors and the relationship between Islamic moderation discourse and state politics in Indonesia. The research results show that the government has made religious instructors the apparatus tasked with communicating government policies, including Islamic moderation, to the community. Despite their position as state apparatus, religious instructors are able to negotiate the discourse of Islamic moderation because of their involvement with various socio-religious organizations and non-governmental organizations, as well as with their religious cultural communities. Furthermore, Islamic moderation is part of state politics to create a democratic state. Various political and social inclusions are carried out by creating moderation policies in both the political and religious realms. The state involves its formal apparatus and institutions, civil society and non-elite actors as agents of Islamic moderation. However, the expression of discourse and practice of Islamic moderation is nothomogenous, because each agent appropriates state moderation discourse according to the external and internal determinations that surround it.
Keywords: Islamic Moderation, Religious Counsellors, Politics of the State, Inclusion

The purpose of this study is to develop a plan for managing change in a specific school unit in a mountainous area. The goal of the change is the smooth transition of refugee children from camps to the normalcy of school life, who have sought refuge in our country in recent years, and their successful integration into the school culture. The conclusions drawn are that change presupposes the formation of a vision, the articulation of purpose and objectives, mapping of the internal and external environment, good planning, and management. In conclusion, if the school does not effectively manage the change, the entire endeavor may end in failure, resulting in economic and emotional costs, waste of resources and time, both on the part of the educational organization and the State.
Keywords: Refugee children, change, school, reforms

The rise of the Build-to-Rent (BTR) community trend in the United States is a subject of increasing interest to real estate professionals, investors, and academics alike. Build-to-Rent communities are not a new concept, but their popularity has been on the rise in recent years. Historically, single-family homes and apartment complexes have been the primary options for rental housing. However, several factors have contributed to the growth of BTR communities. Thus, this article analyzes the sustainability of build-to-rent homes and communities in the United States. It examines the distinct features characterizing these communities and contrasts them with conventional housing models. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper contends that the surge in build-to-rent communities may not be as innocuous as initially perceived. Rather, it asserts that this trend warrants closer scrutiny due to ramifications for the government, the American populace, and the economy. Contrary to prevailing notions, the growth of build-to-rent communities emerges as a subject of concern, raising pivotal issues that necessitate attention, irrespective of its substantial trajectory. While existing research on the rise of build-to-rent (BTR) communities has extensively explored the economic, demographic, and urbanization factors driving their emergence, there remains a notable research gap about the long-term social sustainability and community dynamics within these housing developments. By investigating the underlying factors driving the ascent of Build-To-Rent communities, the study explores the long-term disadvantages of their proliferation.
Keywords: Build-to-Rent, U.S. Housing Market, Homeownership, Real Estate

In general, students have the right and opportunity to develop according to their potential, especially in the field of education. Therefore, the aim of this research is to find out how to develop interests and talents in students. The research method was used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects were 4 people including 3 teachers and 1 school principal. This research was conducted in Mis Fathul Munir, Ternate City. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used the analysis model from Miles & Huberman, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, triangulation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that students at Mis Fathul Munir have diverse interests and talents. Developing students' interests and talents is carried out through learning, tutoring and extracurricular programs as well as opportunities for students to take part in competitions to hone their abilities.
Keywords: interests, talents, teacher's role, students

No man is an island. This is to say that we are social beings and dependent on each other. Therefore, aware that it is not good for a man to be alone, and with the view to satisfy his needs a man leaves his parents and attaches himself to his woman, making them husband and wife.It is in this connection that the present paper deals with marriage perception in Abi Dare‟s The Girl with the Louding Voice. Thus, anchored on theoretical insights from sociological and psychological approaches, the current paper aims at showing how the issue of marriage affects female characters in this novel, with a special mention on Adunni, the protagonist.The findings reveal thatnot only the way marriage is portrayed in this novel but also the way other aspects related to marriage predominate the authoress‟ vision while writing her novel.As a final assessment, the analysis has evidenced thatAdunni, taken as the microcosm of African women, has experienced conflicting relationship on one hand and friendly or peaceful relationship in her marital home. All these aspects related to marriage unveil Abi Dare‟s perception of marriage in the novel under consideration.
Keywords: Partners, marriage, polygamy, childbearing, relationships, needs

In order for the school to follow the great changes of the modern world, a strong administration is required, trained in the latest developments in pedagogic and administrative science, inspired with vision, innovative with management knowledge. This multidimensional role is today mainly called upon to be embodied by the director of a school unit. The purpose of this research is to investigate the views and perceptions of the primary school teachers of the Prefecture of Ioannina on the role of the modern principal as well as to measure the degree of agreement or disagreement with the abilities and skills, the individual and administrative characteristics of the principals of the Prefecture of Ioannina and the ideal managers, as they are considered by the teachers of the Prefecture. On the second level, the administrative model they use in the organization and administration of their schools is recorded. The findings showed that the managers of the Prefecture of Ioannina are concerned with many of the abilities and skills required in order to succeed in their role and that they use a variety of administrative methods that will be able to bring them the desired result. The differentiation with ideal principals was of the order of one unit on average, while they use the managerial models of Administrative, Pedagogical, Transformational, Distributed or Distributed and Contingent leadership. Finally, proposals aimed at improving the characteristics of education managers were formulated, but the need for further research on this issue was also noted.
Keywords: Effective manager, attitudes, abilities, skills, characteristics, teachers

The large influx of migrants to Greece in recent years has raised the inevitable need to integrate schoolchildren refugees into the Greek education system. Their entry into the Greek educational reality has brought racial, religious and multicultural heterogeneity to student population, which Greek teachers were forced to face with their intercultural education, whose main principle is the parity of students' linguistic, cultural and educational human capital, indigenous and foreign. The purpose of this study is to investigate primary school teachers' aspects on the issue of the integration of immigrants and refugee pupils into education. Furthermore, the kind of school that best responds to their training, the application of the principles and concepts of intercultural education, and finally the impact of local communities and media on the educational process, due to the arrival of migrant and refugee students at school. An example was the study and recording of the current situation in the Prefecture of Ioannina schools, through the surveying of the Prefecture teachers' opinions on the above issues.
Keywords: Migrants-Refugee Students, Intercultural Education, Integration, Impacts

This article explores how Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) enhance teachers' professional agency. It examines PLCs, as collaborative educational groups, and how they significantly support teaching, enhance students learning experiences, and foster professional development among teachers. The article explains the sociocultural dimensions of agency, highlighting the interaction between individual capacity and environmental factors. Emphasizes the importance of shared values, vision, collective responsibility, reflective professional inquiry, collaboration within PLCs, and their impact on fostering teachers' agency. These elements are pivotal in shaping and strengthening teachers' professional agency, which, in turn, impacts their effectiveness in the classroom. Significant emphasis is placed on the role of collaborative learning within PLCs. This aspect is highlighted as a critical driver for developing and enhancing teachers' professional agency and overall professional development. The article also discusses various interpretations and dimensions of agency in the educational context, drawing on various academic studies and perspectives. The article further discussed some challenges and limitations inherent in implementing PLCs. Critically examines issues such as time constraints, inconsistent application across educational settings, and resistance to collaborative approaches among educators. These challenges underscore the need for a nuanced understanding and strategic implementation of PLCs to maximize their benefits. The conclusion underscores the significance of PLCs as vehicles for developing teacher agency, suggesting that PLCs can offer great benefits for teachers, students, and the broader educational system. By fostering a culture of collaboration and reflective practice, PLCs can significantly enhance teachers' agency.
Keywords: Professional Learning Communities, Teacher agency, Collaborative learning, Professional development

In a world where, at first glance, it seems that humanity has been lost, groups of scientists have attempted to redefine the term "man" by trying to formulate appropriate conditions for approaching and using all the spaces and possibilities that a physical structure provides for each interested. The outcome of this project was Universal Design, a term that initially characterized the science of architecture and that gradually affected many parameters of social life and educational planning. The application of universal planning in education allowed the organization of space and teaching in such a way that the beneficiaries were more, emphasizing the participation in the educational process of social groups whose access, until that moment, seemed impossible. Its operation has minor differences from differentiated teaching and is an important tool for eliminating disadvantages, resulting from any difference or inequality of the student population.
Keywords: universal design, participation, access, differentiated instruction

This study was carried out in order to evaluate the impact of the enhanced assessment items on the continuity of the teaching-learning process in the Physical Sciences. To achieve this goal, we first developed the improved items by establishing assessment topics under the theme of the Archimedean thrust; some containing improved items and others containing classic items. After that, we confronted learners with their treatment and subjected the results obtained from these assessments to statistical tests to verify the relevance of the results. We also conducted surveys of assessed learners and Physical Sciences teachers to obtain their views on this innovation in item formulation. These evaluations show that the use of the improved items really allows the continuity of the teaching-learning process, because the results of the statistical tests are in agreement with the theoretical results obtained by the literature review. From these surveys, it appears that the teachers of Physical Sciences as well as the learners assessed approve of this innovation in the formulation of the items. The use of enhanced items in summative assessment makes it formative.
Keywords: pedagogical continuity, Enhanced assessment item, Assessment, Archimedean thrust.

The actions of herders in Nigeria under President Muhammadu Buhari, have turned into a nightmare, particularly in the southern region of the country. The politics of the famers and herders problem in Nigeria under President Buhari are examined in this study, with particular emphasis on the North-South divide. A historical research design was used in the study. Both primary and secondary types of data were employed by the researcher. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews (KII) carried out in particular regions of Northern and Southern Nigeria are the main sources of data. Internet prints, text books, journals, news publications, and libraries were used to collect secondary data. The environmental scarce resources and power theory was used in the study. The national assembly enacted an anti-grazing law, which the southern governors have also signed, but herders did not abide by it because they are largely supported by Northern elites who owned and control the livestock. In order to strengthen democracy and dislodge regional, religious, and geopolitical sentiment that has long assaulted Nigerian democracy, rule of law, equity, fairness, and inclusivity in Nigerian governance, the researcher consequently advised that the United Nations intervene externally in Nigeria.
Keywords: Dichotomy, Famers, Herders, North, Politics, South.

Contemporary society is marked by consumerism and increasingly unlimited needs and desires. Potential consumers are impacted by advertisements daily, which end up intensifying consumption practices. The problem situation of the work was knowing how to preserve spirituality in a society marked by consumerism. Problematizing, we sought to understand the following question: what are the relationships between consumerism and spirituality and how are they integrated into contemporary management? The general objective outlined for this study was to present the relationships between spirituality and consumerism in today's society. The methodology of the article was bibliographical research and theoretical research. The results point to the practice of unbridled consumerism in expansion driven by corporate strategies of manipulating consumption, aligned with accentuated concerns with spirituality practices, notably those who are most impacted by dehumanization in the face of this reality at the heart of consumerism.
Keywords: Consumerism, Consumption, Neuromarketing, Persuasion, Poimenica.

This study aims to analyze the financial performance growth of general insurance companies in Indonesia that are registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The data used is secondary data collected from the summary financial statements of 72 general insurance companies in Indonesia from January 2022 to December 2022 issued by OJK. Evaluation is carried out based on net premium growth, underwriting result growth, investment return growth, liquidity ratio, solvency ratio, and profitability ratio according to predetermined standards. The results of the analysis showed The results of the analysis show that overall net premium growth, growth in underwriting, and growth in investment returns continues to decline by up to 80% during 2022. Liquidity ratio, solvency ratio and profitability ratio indicated poor financial performance of the companies. Return on assets showed that the overall performance of general insurance companies has good financial performance from May to December 2022 which mean that all general insurance companies started to utilize their assets efficiently to obtain maximum profit starting in May 2022. Return on equity showed that general insurance companies in Indonesia have had good financial performance from November to December 2022 that is 9%.
Keywords: financial performance, general insurance growth, liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios

Nowadays, the phenomenon of sports injuries is hitting more and more people involved in all kinds of sports activity. In particular, for the sport of Tennis, the range of ages affected by injuries caused by engagement of these people with the sport of Tennis is a lot larger, given that Tennis is a sport that is widespread all over the planet and people of all ages can engage with him, either on a professional or recreational level. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the concerns of the global sports scientific community regarding the injuries caused by the sport Tennis to professional sportsmen and women, as well as to recreational sportsmen and women. In this effort, the bibliography review identifies the issues of determining workload and training load that is legitimate for Tennis athletes to are burdened without risking the possibility of injury, if the use stretching exercises is a necessary measure for the prevention of sports injuries of injuries caused by the athletes' involvement in the sport of Tennis, as well as the issue of choosing the right one is also touched upon equipment of athletes, which will result in the reduction of sports injuries that may arise from their involvement in sport of Tennis. An interesting piece of the world review literature was the investigation of risk factors such as these have so far been defined by the scientific community sport of Tennis. More specifically, an attempt is made to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors that may contribute to a sports injury in one professional or not, tennis player. Also, reference is made to the pre-diagnostic test which, as the researchers argue, should all those interested in participating in her sport are submitted to Tennis, to establish whether their industrial situation is suitable to serve the special requirements presented by its sport Tennis. Finally, reference is made to the most frequent injuries presented in the sport of Tennis, as well as in the frequency of these injuries in proportion to the age of the athletes, as well as in proportion to the field surface on which the sport is played at that moment activity.
Keywords: Tennis, Injuries, Upper limbs

This article intends to present a thesis that, although published, is of utmost importance to clarify the path of cultural strand associated to the name of Marx. This thesis, certainly very controversial, indicates the difference of philosophical conception between Marx and Engels. Their close friendship, intense collaboration and the way Engels contributed to publicize his friend’s name and works after his death, besides the limited knowledge on their set of writings, for some time led to the belief that they were complementary thinkers. Nowadays, however, there are studies showing the differences between these two remarkable revolutionary thinkers, and about Engels as the effective founder of Marxism as an ideology of labour movement in 19th-century. The importance Engels saw in philosophy and natural sciences took him to search for a Monist view of world (weltanschauung), from which men’s social life is only a part, also subject to the similar laws submitted to the same laws, which motion would have been appointed by Hegel. Engels strongly emphasizes materialism rather than dialectics, this way providing a basis for a determinist and economics view of human social life. Marx, on his turn, emphasizes the dialectical movement of reality, a new dialectics, not a Hegelian one.
Keywords: Engels, Marx, dialectics, Marxism, materialism, economics.

Ministry of Education Malaysia aims to create professional excellent culture among teachers in school through Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025. In this situation, collaboration effort among history teachers must be highlighted. Due to that, a study conducted to identify Professional Learning Community (PLC) practice among history primary school teachers in Pasir Gudang district, Johor. The research design used is quantitative approach. Questionnaire acts as the research instrument. A number of 63 history primary school teachers in Pasir Gudang district, Johor involved. The research used descriptive statistical and inferential statistical analysis. Data collected analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. The finding reported the teachers’ knowledge in practicing PLC and the frequency to practice PLC is in moderate level. For the community spirit which shown by the teachers, it is in high level. The finding stated there is a significant relationship between knowledge, frequency practicing PLC and community spirit among teachers. With the finding reported, it can be used as the reference on how to enhance the community spirit among the teachers. In line with that, it could ensure the teachers implemented the concept of PLC in teaching.
Keywords: knowledge, frequency, community spirit, PLC

This article presents a comparative analysis of access to education in the United States, Jamaica, and Nigeria. Access to education is an essential aspect of development that every country must prioritize. Educational opportunities vary significantly in the United States, Jamaica, and Nigeria, affecting literacy and economic development in these countries. Education is highly valued in the US, and there is a high level of access to primary and secondary education. However, higher education costs remain a significant barrier for many students. In Jamaica, access to education is also high, but the quality of education is often subpar, leading to low literacy rates. In Nigeria, access to education is the biggest challenge, with many children unable to attend school due to poverty and lack of infrastructure. Drawing on the collective knowledge of country-specific education studies over time, the article focuses on fundamental questions: does everyone have access to education? Are countries investing enough in education and achieving a sound balance across levels of education? Are the resources well deployed and managed to ensure the efficient functioning of education systems? In this study, I employed secondary analysis, a method frequently used in comparative research due to its convenience in accessing primary data on extensive subjects, such as the policy environments of countries. In each country, I conducted an extensive review of various sources, including published journals, articles, national laws, policy documents, educational guidelines, future plans for education, and government websites. The findings revealed that in the United States, the focus is on disparities based on socioeconomic status and the rising costs of higher education impacting access to education. Jamaica faces similar challenges with disparities, especially in rural and low-income areas, alongside infrastructure and educational resources issues. Nigeria's situation is compounded by its history, infrastructure deficits, economic barriers, and gender disparities. The article discusses potential strategies for improving educational access in these diverse contexts, considering socioeconomic, cultural, and infrastructural factors.
Keywords: Access to education, Education inequality, Infrastructure, Education policy.

The holding concept for streamlining the number of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs; BUMN) in Indonesia has been initiated since the economic crisis in 1998. The idea of SOE holdings (SOEHs) by grouping SOEs into industries was raised to create strong SOEs and increasingly focus on developing their business from upstream to downstream. As of August 2022, 16 SOEHs have been formed. SOEH is part of a multi-business company, namely a company consisting of two or more subsidiary companies (strategic business unit). In contrast to conglomerate companies, SOEHs in Indonesia lead companies with relatively the same core business or in the same business sector, not diversifying unrelated to their business sector. In a multi-business company, a corporate-level strategy applies, where a company that acts as the parent will determine the directional strategy, portfolio strategy, and carry out the parenting strategy. The parent company's contribution to the positive performance of subsidiary companies is known as value creation, the result of parenting advantages. The parenting advantage for a multibusiness company is similar to a competitive advantage in a single company. Thus the SOE's holding as parent company plays an important role in value creation in multibusiness companies through its influence on subsidiary companies.
Keywords: State-Owned Enterprise, holding company, corporate strategy, parent company

Gossip at work is the subject of much research in Work and Organizational Psychology (Baumeister, Zhang & Vohs, 2004; Foster, 2004; Farley, 2011; Brady, 2015, Kuo et al., 2015). Considered for decades to be malicious behavior, it is only recently that its positive aspect has been taken into account. Being an informal phenomenon, gossip has been linked to several variables (power, trust, organizational justice, emotions, individual differences, stress, contemptuous behavior). Despite the multiplicity of this research and to our knowledge, there is no study that links it to the organizational climate in the African context in general and the Cameroonian context in particular. Organizational climate and gossip are two important concepts that have been investigated separately and yet they are informal phenomena. This research aims to investigate the relationship between these two variables and addresses the problem of positive and negative gossip in the workplace as a phenomenon influenced by the organizational climate.
To this end, Brady's (2015) gossip scales and Patterson et al.'s (2011) organizational climate scale, as well as items measuring sociodemographic characteristics, were administered to 230 workers in various sectors of activity in the city of Yaoundé. The data collected were processed by correlation and regression analysis using IBM-SPSS-Amos, version 22. The results show that organizational climate is significantly correlated with negative (r= -0.865 with p<.001) and positive (r=-0.825 with p<.001) gossip towards supervisors on the one hand, and with negative (r= -0.856 with p< .001) and positive (r= -0.855 with p< .001) gossip towards co-workers. These results are the first data on gossip at work in Cameroonian organizations. This is a promising start to the exploration of the phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa in general, and in Cameroon in particular, especially since the psychometric properties of the scales used are proven.
Keywords: gossip, positive and negative aspects, organizational climate, work, employees

This article investigates manipulation as a means of control in George Orwell‟s dystopian novel Animal Farm. It purports to demonstrate how the pigs shape the mentality of the people symbolized by animal characters in this political allegory intentionally to gain, maintain and control power. In fact, this work sheds light on the Napoleonic maxim that the world suffers a lot, not because of the violence of bad people, but because of the silence of good people. Today, though this allegory is a hackneyed work just like its themes, it, however, remains topical because it discusses the ever-growing abuses of political leaders over impotent peoples. The exploration of this novella understandably displays huge inequalities as the exploitation of the masses continues at varying levels in different countries around the world, even today. To do this, there is recourse to the historical approach since it involves understanding between other things, the events surrounding the composition of a work, like the Russian Revolution on which this work is based, using the findings to interpret that work of literature.
Keywords: Manipulation, Means, Control, Dictator, Dystopia.

Teachers have the main responsibility for successful implementation of inclusion policy in educational field. Many studies have reported that teacher effectiveness is the foundational pillar for the success of inclusive practice. The successful educators are skilled proprietor and maintain a positive and learner friendly classroom environment with adopting diversified learning styles ensuring to provide quality education to all students including the special students. Several authors have found that teachers are experiencing many challenges to address the educational need of every child in inclusive classroom. Many psychologists advocate that due to several barriers in the inclusion process like societal barriers, medical barriers, psychological barriers, inflexible curriculum and rigid policy, inadequate resources and lack of updated training programs, the teachers have shown in high stress, anxiety, frustration and demotivated which directly affects the academic success of students. Subsequently, to reduce work-related stress and to increase the teacher effectiveness, the emotional intelligence skills are essential to be developed among teachers in order to reach the standards of the educational setting. Emotionally sound teachers can navigate the hindrances of the learning process by maintaining a good rapport with education personnels and fostering a harmonious environment to reach the optimum potentialities of students. The author explains various dimensions of emotional intelligence and reflects their implication to develop the teacher effectiveness that support the teachers (both Pre and in-service) to practice inclusive education.
Keywords: Inclusive Education, Teacher Effectiveness, Emotional Intelligence

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of organizational work performance and stress on organizational commitment in the government environment. This research was conducted at several government agencies located in the city of Surabaya, East Java. Samples were taken using a saturated sampling technique from all government agencies used as research objects, namely a total of 70 respondents. The research was conducted using quantitative methods using survey techniques in the form of questionnaires. The analysis used in this research uses the SPSS analysis tool. The research results show that organizational performance can have a significant effect on organizational commitment and work stress does not have a significant effect on organizational commitment. From the results provided, there is a possibility that the data contains bias and the cross-sectional design can limit conclusions to cause and effect. From the conclusions obtained, it is hoped that this research can provide new knowledge and benefits regarding the relationship of influence between continuous variables.
Keywords: Performance, Job Stress, Organizational Commitment, Government

Islamic education as a treasure of historical heritage should be traced from the beginning of its existence until now. Therefore, it is necessary to compare existing educational concepts by illuminating memories of educational practices that have occurred in the past, both from the perspective of the system and institutional history. This is an absolute requirement for Muslims in stimulating the creation of the current conditions and situation of Islamic education towards better Islamic education. This article describes the educational and institutional systems of the Classical Islamic period. The study method used is a literature study by collecting various information related to the characteristics of Islamic education during the classical Islamic period. Based on the investigation, it was found that there are several characteristics of the education system and its institutions that are dynamic from time to time in line with the expansion of Islamic territory and its contact with foreign Arab cultures.
Keywords: Islamic Education, Education System, Institutional, Classical Islam

Archival documentation is a crucial aspect of administrative departments. Archive records serve the purpose of providing staff members with information about past and recent activities that may be significant for future events. However, the task of maintaining archive records poses several challenges. An investigation was conducted to explore the utilization of archive records in one of a rural area in Indonesia. The research revealed that paper-based archive records were utilized within the village's administration. Over time, these paper records tend to deteriorate, necessitating the rewriting of entire records when this occurs. To address this problem, the research proposed a solution. By interviewing the village's administration staff, the research team suggested the development of a system to digitize the archive records for incoming-outgoing letter and for resident‟s ID. The research did not conclude solely upon the creation of the system. Documentation of the system and training staff members also conducted, ensuring the effective utilization of the system. Usability testing was employed to assess the system, with village's administration staff participating as respondents. The test indicated that the system was easy to use to assist the village's administration in tracking both resident and incoming and outgoing letters to and from the village.
Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals, Women, Rural Area

In this paper, we seek to identify the socio-economic factors that influence the polysemy of male domination of women's work. Discrimination, sexism, harassment, oppression, violence and many other practices against women at work, whether verbal or physical, whether direct or indirect, have only one cause, which is male domination. On the basis of a field survey carried out during the months of April and May in 2023, among 200 women, between 35 and 55 years old, active residents of the greater Sahel, we adopted the “logit” model for the analysis of the data resulting from this survey. According to our results, every woman who does not take decisions about her work alone is 2.13 times more likely to be dominated. As well as being dominated by her partner, she may also be dominated by her colleagues at work. This presence of male colleagues can present 4.13 times the risk of suffering the polysemy of male domination in the woman's workplace. In financial terms, a woman whose partner is able to use her bank card is 2.7 times more likely to experience the polysemy of male domination. And finally, women with a certain level of legal culture tend to trust that the law will be properly enforced in times of need, whereas in practical terms and in the face of the possibility of circumventing the law or evading judges' decisions during a trial, these women are 2.5 times more exposed to the risk of being subjected to the polysemy of male domination.
Keywords: Women's employment rights - male domination - gender - feminism - labour market.

Since the beginning of the development of Islam, education has been a top priority for the Indonesian Muslim community, apart from the great importance of education, the importance of Islamization encourages Muslims to implement Islamic teachings well. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative through literature study to reveal every phenomenon that occurs regarding colonial and contemporary Islamic education.
The Dutch government was present to exploit various interests in Indonesia known as Tre G, namely Gold, Gospel and Glory. Gold is literally gold, this means that the economy in Indonesia must be controlled through control of spices which are profitable for the Dutch. Gospel means the Gospel which means the spread of Christian teachings. Glory is success. Success is related to mastery in terms of politics and power. During the Japanese occupation, schools were standardized and nationalized, although private schools such as Muhammadiyah, Taman Siswa and others were allowed to develop under the arrangements and administration of the Japanese occupation, but remained under the supervision of the Japanese government. The contemporary challenge of Islamic education is that the curriculum is always changing, making it difficult to establish permanent competencies that can be used continuously.
Keywords: Thought, Islamic Institutions, Colonial and Contemporary

In this paper, we first assess the rules and laws governing public procurement in Tunisia, and then compare them with the OECD Principles for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement. Indeed, there is still a long way to go to establish a legislative framework equivalent to the OECD Principles for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement. These include identifying needs, making public purchasers "responsible and professional", putting in place appropriate procedures to protect whistleblowers and optimizing controls. Finally, we will also attempt to offer some suggestions that may be useful in strengthening this system, which is the backbone of the country's sustainable development.
Keywords: Public purchasers, public procurement, public goods, contracting.

This paper was triggered by the concern of dehumanization caused by very rapid technological developments in the fourth phase of the industrial revolution. This paper investigates the contribution of literature in re-humanizing humans deemed to be affected by increasingly sophisticated technological advances, especially looking at what must be done by those involved in the study of literature This study employs a descriptive qualitative method by employing literary works and theory on literature as the objects of investigation. Responding to Klaus Schwab‟s challenge that people should be given priority and that the invention of technologies is to serve people, tracing back to the response of literary men to the earlier phase of industrial revolution, and taking into account the evolving characteristic of literature this paper proposes two points namely machine in literature and machine as literature as the keys of the contribution.
Keywords: literature and industrial revolution; rehumanization; machine in literature; machine as literature

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has forced a reform in practical training teaching, profoundly impacting the models employed. The post-pandemic era holds significant implications for driving innovation in practical training course reform, aiming to construct a new hybrid teaching model for university students. Focusing on the "Enterprise Management Simulation Training Course," this study investigates how to explore and reform the management-oriented simulation training teaching model in the current pandemic context. It discusses the challenges and transformations brought about by the pandemic in the field of education. Through an analysis of the current status and challenges of practical training teaching in the post-pandemic era, the paper identifies the issues and limitations faced by educators in the current environment. In the section "Exploration of Simulation Training Teaching Models in the Post-Pandemic Era," the paper presents innovative approaches and strategies to adapt to the evolving educational environment and meet the new trends in simulation training teaching. A comprehensive analysis is conducted on student performance, participation, and feedback, considering the overall effectiveness of the promoted simulation training teaching model in achieving its intended objectives. Through a comprehensive exploration and reform, this paper provides valuable insights into the post-pandemic era management-oriented simulation training teaching, offering guidance and reference for educators aiming to enhance the quality and practicality of simulation training courses. It holds profound significance for driving digital teaching reforms in the post-pandemic era and plays a crucial role in society by cultivating high-quality management talent.
Keywords: Post-pandemic era, Practical training teaching, Teaching modes, Teaching reform

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of instructional media based on YouTube on the writing skills of students. The research employs an experimental research design, concentrating on students enrolled in the third semester of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program at STKIP PGRI Bangkalan. The study includes a total of 30 participants, comprising both male and female students. Consequently, each group consists of 15 samples. The paired sample test outcomes reveal a Sig (2-tailed) value of < 0.05. The findings of this research suggest a notable disparity in writing skills before and after exposure to instructional content on YouTube. This conclusion is supported by the observed rise in mean values between the pretest and posttest, indicating improvement subsequent to receiving writing lessons via the YouTube platform. Recommendations based on the results of this research suggest conducting further research on the development of YouTube teaching media for students.
Keywords: writing skills, youtube teaching materials, college students