The article analyzes the main provisions of N. Hartmann's philosophy, in the context of the problems of modern culture research. Based on the fundamental work on H. Hartmann's "Problems of Spiritual Being", two aspects are singled out which can be the most productive for the modern philosophy of culture: methodological and ontological.
Keywords: philosophy of culture, ontology, spiritual being, methodology.

Aim: a) There is a significant correlation between the socio-phycho-educational-environmental problems and LD
b) Where LD can be differentiated from their normal controls on the basis of their psycho-socio-educational profile.
Material: The parents of the LD as well as their normal controls who participated in the study completed a comprehensive questionnaire, about their children‟s behavior, their psycho-educational and social behavior.
Subjects: 227 children took part, raging in age from 6 to 11. The sample consisted of 136 normal controls, and 91 LD-Dyslexic children. All were drawn from the “Dyslexia & I.Q. Center”. The controls were identified according to their parents‟ answers that had filled the questionnaire that was mentioned above.
Results: The LD children‟s psycho-educational characteristics were found to be significantly worse than those of the normal controls of the same age. The two groups differed so much that on the basis of their psycho-socio-educational profile the Discriminant Analysis correctly classified the two groups with the high accuracy of 94,6%. The LD-Dyslexic group was correctly identified with 97,6%, while the normal controls were classified with 93,7% accuracy.
Conclusions: The very high discrimination accuracy between the two groups raises the possibility to use the 21 questions as a quick, easy to administer, inexpensive and highly accurate screening tool –DYAGNOSIS.GR- for children with suspected LD. (Xystrou, 2016) As it does not include questions about reading, spelling or language, therefore may become appropriate for screening even at preschool age, as a prognostic screening test of LD.
Keywords: Dyslexia, Dyagnosis.gr, Learning Disabilities, Learning Disorders, Social Behavior, Phycho-Socio-Educational Characteristics, ADHD

History of democratic India is eventful with facts, where Article 356 is misused and wrongful advantages of power have been made. In simple terms this Article deals with the rules which allow the central government to dissolve the State governments if it can be established that there is total anarchy in the State concerned. Anguished over the alleged killing of its workers recently in Kerala, the Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS) and its associates support calls for President's Rule in the State due to „deteriorating law and order situation‟. Article 356 has always been the focal point of a wider debate of the federal structure of government in Indian polity. The Sarkaria Commission Report on Centre-State Relations (1983) had recommended that Article 356 must be used "very sparingly, in extreme cases, as a measure of last resort, when all the other alternatives fail to prevent or rectify a breakdown of constitutional machinery in the state". Dr. Ambedkar also said that it would be like a "dead letter" (i.e. would be used rarely). But the practice was limited only after the Supreme Court established strict guidelines for imposing the President's Rule in its ruling on the S. R. Bommai vs. Union of India case in 1994. This landmark judgment helped curtail the widespread misuse of Article 356. Reviewing the dissolution of the first government in modern Kerala, attempt is made in this paper to establish that the dissolution of the first democratically elected government of Kerala in 1959 could have been challenged successfully in the court. Had it been so the history of Kerala would have been different.

This text that is in our hand is one of the dictionaries that was used as a school book in the Ottoman elementary-primary schools at the time it was written. The text that we are dealing with is the section of the 53 page Persian-Turkish periodical’s first 29 pages. The complete version of the text is composed of 53 pages. After the Persian-Turkish part there is an Arabic-Turkish part and the dates of the verses are not given in the text. It is known that the only edition of the text was copied in 1560. The Persian-Turkish dictionary section between the pages 1a-28a is studied to serve for the Turkish Language and language education fields.
This study involves information about the purpose of the publication and its arrangement as well as the section from of glossary list and translated text of İlm-I Lugat,1which is a Turkish-Persian verse dictionary. The writer of the dictionary is Imad-zadeVeli b. Yusuf-I ‘Imadi and the text was written in 968/1560.
Verse dictionaries played an important role in the old education system. Compared to prose dictionaries verse dictionaries had some deficiencies in vowel points and they were corrected by word and grammar information. It also had some deficiencies in prosody and they were tried to be explained and corrected by annotation.
Verse dictionary which helps students around the ages of 6 to 14 learn basis information about various sciences. It is a dictionary that teaches vocabulary in foreign language education that is practical for everyday use and teaches basic grammatical rules with the aid of verse. These type of dictionaries aims to teach with poem and while they are not large in size they are very useful in teaching and memorizing vocabulary with the method of repetition.
This lecixography which is a verse dictionary is written with the purpose of teaching Arabic and Persian correspondences of the Turkish words. The dictionary is not only useful for foreign language education but it also reinforces the aruz prosody technic. Vocabulary is limited to words of the target language that should be known as first-hand accounts. However the fact that words are given in a certain context in the text adds value to the vocabulary.
The dictionary which originally aims to teach a foreign language also helps students to gain acquaintance of the words in their mother language. This work which transmits the heritage of both cultures via words is both a personal and a social gain.
In the old education system during the process of a foreign language teaching to teach proverbs and idioms that are considered vital to keep in mind were thought through these kinds of poetic texts. And the subjects like literature, rhetoric and art of eloquence that are thought to go hand in hand with foreign language learning were also thought with the same purpose. The variety of these functions serves as a proof of the functionality of the aforementioned education system.
Verse dictionaries should be adapted into the contemporary era with the guidance of sociological and cultural needs and without ignoring the benefits of the verse dictionaries to the foreign language education in primary schools of the time. We should consider it necessary to enhance this dictionary which is past’s basis resource and future’s resource of experience in the matters of style and theme. It also should be reinterpreted according to pedagogical methods in order to create a fund from it for the future generations.
Keywords: Verse dictionary, İlm-I Lugat, Turkish Language, Language Education, Cultural Transmission

This study aimed to explore the challenges faced in the implementation of ASEAN regional cooperation in overcoming drugs trafficking in Southeast Asia. The study was conducted by using a qualitative approach and a depth investigation. Data from this study consisted of secondary data through literature study and analysis of documents and primary data obtained from resource person who are relevant and reliable as well as through field research. The result indicated that there are various challenges faced in the implementation of ASEAN regional cooperation: (1) non-enforcement cooperation model; (2) weak national law so feach country; (3) geographical condition facilitate illegal drug trafficking; (4) drugs trafficking are transnational crime and well organized crime, (5) unequale radication between demand and supply side; (6) partiale radication in their respective domestic areas, (7) Drugs trafficking is a business with fantastic and promising economic value.
Keywords: Drugs trafficking, Regional Cooperation, ASEAN.

Modern technology can make more innovative and creative ideas in students mind. It can build the students to learn their lesson their own self and provide a lot of information that is required by students. Revolutionize the routine of technology that increase educational paradigm shift which provide importance to the student centered learning. The study presents the sociological analysis of modern technology in the educational system for learning, retention and accumulation of valuable knowledge, skills that can enable to become concept development. The main objectives were to probe available technology resources in education system and to examine educating students on appropriate use of technology that can overcome the problems. Total sample size was 300, 100 respondents from each districts. A well structured interview schedule was designed in the light of objectives. Data collected through personal interviews from the selected respondents. Interview schedule was used for data collection. Data analyzed through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and result will be interpreted statistically. Researcher found that students have basic technological resources in their education system but they did not access latest technology even most of students don’t know about these technologies. It was found that technology facilitate the students to become independent learner, it improve the students interest because many websites provide practical knowledge with theoretical knowledge.
Keywords: Technological Resources, Education, Knowledge, Concept Development, Learning Skills.

Nigeria is richly endowed with petroleum resources such as oil and gas. There is no doubt that Nigeria is a petrol dollar state i.e. a monoculture economy that depends solely on the export of crude oil. The discovery of oil in Nigeria in 1956 by the Shell-BP raised hopes for the future of the country‘ but oil has not delivered the desired development in Nigeria rather, under development and environmental degradation occasioned by the activities of the oil exploration and exploitation due to government neglect. Thus, it has brought extreme poverty especially to the people of the oil producing communities and Nigeria at large. This paper attempts to examine the conflict management strategies by both the government and the oil companies in ameliorating the situations and also identify the implications of these anomalies to the Nigerian economy as well as offer recommendations on the way forward and conclusion.
Keywords: Black go1d, Mono economy, Poverty, Crisis, Conflict Management

Governance decentralization is a well-known phenomenon which is practicing all over the world. Pakistan starts its decentralization process after the 2001 Local Government Ordinance. This paper analyses the decentralization process in Pakistan with the special reference to District Council and its power. This is a secondary data based qualitative research which use analytical approach to make its path toward conclusion. It is analyzed that Political leaders at federal and provincial don’t want to transfer their power on lower level. MPA’s and MNA’s take interest in developmental funds. Improper local government system and uncompleted transformation of power are the sole responsible for the community issues and problems. It is derived that a strong local government system can develop the community and can engage people in political participation through bottom-up approach.
Keywords: Governance, Decentralization, District Council, District Chairman, Devolution Plan

Academic Word List (AWL) as compiled by Coxhead [3,4] was an extension of the General Service List (GSL) by West [17]. This academic word list consists of 570-word families that draws upon general academic words which is not connected to a single discipline, but for higher education students. The present study aimed to identify the ESL postgraduates‟ perceptions towards academic writing using Academic Word List (AWL) in terms of (i) knowledge of AWL for content, (ii) knowledge of AWL for mechanics, (iii) knowledge of AWL for organization, and (iv) knowledge of AWL for vocabulary. Through both criterion and convenience sampling, 186 ESL postgraduates from five faculties in a university were chosen for this research. Survey questionnaire designed by the researcher was used as the data collection instrument. Expert check was to ensure clarity of the sentences and to ensure the language used was appropriate and suited the postgraduates. Moreover, the instrument was tested for reliability and the Cronbach‟s alpha coefficient value .85 (>.65) shows that it is a reliable instrument. The findings of this study revealed that ESL postgraduates regard knowledge of AWL as essential for academic writing in terms of content, mechanics, organization, and vocabulary. Furthermore, the findings also indicated that with proper exposure and intervention, knowledge of AWL will help ESL postgraduates from different discipline to be more confident and able to communicate their intended message more effectively in their academic writing by closely following the Academic Word List (AWL) recommended in this study.
Keywords: Academic Word List (AWL), ESL postgraduates, perceptions, academic writing

The study assessed the symptom of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) prevailing among Federal unity schools students caused by the traumatic events of BokoHaram insurgency in the Northeast zone States, Nigeria.Determining the percentage of JSSII; SSII students, with the symptom and non- symptom of PTSD, were among the objectives of the study. A survey design was used for the study. The population of the study consist 1250 (600 JSS II and650 SSII) Students. A sample of 480 (male= 240, and female =240) were randomly selected . A symptom of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) outlined by Costi (2003) was used to develop PTSD Questionnaire. The PTST questionnaire shows strong test-retest reliability (0.88) and internal consistency (Alpha= 0.83). Hypotheses were tested at α = 0.05 level of significance. The data wereanalyzed using frequency count, percentages and Chi-square test.Finding from the study revealed 68.7 % and 20.3 %; 58.8 % and 29.7% as the percentages of JSS II and SSII students with symptom of PTSD and non- symptom of PTSD; there is no significant (Chi-square = 61.216,p=0.000) difference in percentages between JSSII and SSII students with symptom and non- symptom of PTSD were among the findings from the study. The recommendation made include school administrators should put in more effort in assisting students to forget the nightmares they have on trauma events emanating from BokoHaram insurgency.
Keywords: Black go1d, Mono economy, Poverty, Crisis, Conflict Management

The study is an assessment of the Anglican Communion Facilities in Early Childhood Education Programme in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Early Childhood Education builds in a child a sense of self-worth, confidence, experience and success. The Early Childhood policy adopted a holistic approach in which the Federal Ministry of Education (FMF) collaborates with the Ministries of health, Environment and Housing, Women Affairs, Information and Communication, Finance, Agriculture and Water Resources, and National Planning Commission to provide intervention programmes for the cognitive, physical, social, moral, and emotional development of the child. To achieve the aim of this study, the research question was stated. It seeks information on the availability of facilities, put in place by the Church. In order to answer the question raised, one hypothesis was also formulated to test the variable. The population of the study includes all the Anglican Communion Daycare, Nursery and Primary schools, teachers, church officials, parents and graduands of early childhood care and education in Kaduna State making a total of fifty-six (56) schools and sixteen thousand two hundred and twenty-five (16,225) as the targeted population. The sampling for the study was carried out at three levels i.e Diocesan/Church level, school level and respondents’ level. At the end of it, four (4) dioceses were selected, forty-four (44) schools and nine hundred and twenty-four (924) respondents. In the study, a survey design was used. A set of questionnaire and interview were employed for data collection. The researcher employed the help of three research assistants for the study. A total of 924 copies of questionnaire were administered and 904 copies were returned. In the analysis of the data, five research questions were analyzed with frequencies and percentages. Also, the hypothesis tested with mean, standard deviations and analysis of variance. The data collected were presented and analyzed using tables and the interviews served as complementary data in the discussion. The findings of the study were quite revealing. The tests of hypothesis indicated significant differences in the views of the respondents on facilities involved in Early Childhood Education Programme of Anglican Communion in Kaduna State. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Conclusions from the study indicates that Early Childhood Education is suffering neglect from the Church authorities in areas like provision of toys, television and playground. The few facilities owned by the church are not constantly maintained. From the findings, it was recommended that the Church leadership should partner with the Government in providing basic facilities for early childhood education programme. Experts should be employed at all levels to teach and implement early childhood education programme. Training and retraining of caregivers/teachers on how best to use the facilities is of paramount importance.

Obio/Akpor Local Government is in Rivers State, Nigeria and is one of the local governments with growing urbanization. It is also beset with myriadof problems of waste management. This problems stems from attitude of residents to waste mismanagement and others. This study aims to investigate the attitudes of residents to waste management in Obio/Akpor Local Government, Rivers State. The method of study was cross-sectional survey and questionnaires were used. Analytical technique includes simple percentages and Annova test was used for the hypothesis. The hypothesis result showed no significant difference in the attitudes of the residents of Obio/Akpor Local Government Area to Solid waste Management. To achieve this,the entire households‟ waste management operations were examined alongside their perceptions and attitudes (beliefs, emotions and behaviours).Data from the survey were collated and statistically analysed with the ANOVA technique to test the hypothesis. The study also revealed that the respondents were knowledgeable about waste management, but attitudinal problems affected their level of compliance.Furthermore, it was discovered that variations exist in the attitudes of the residents of the study area in the way solid wastes are managed. Some recommendationsincludestricter penalties to defaulters of waste management laws or the non-compliant residents. To improve on solid waste management in the LGA, the services of Rivers state Waste Management Agency must improve to include the adoption of the (3Rs) in waste management. Adequate public enlightenment on good sanitation habits to be disseminated to schools and colleges. The government should take steps to improve the present open dump system to engineered landfill sites to improve the sanitary condition of the local government and the state at large.
Keywords: Attitudes, Residents, Solid waste, Management, Obio-Akpor.

Apart from the traditional media such as television, radio and newspapers, other sources of information dissemination are smartphones and tablets which enable immediate mobile access to digital and social media platforms for information dissemination in crisis situation. The study examined the effectiveness of disaster and emergency communication tools in crisis situation in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The study method was the cross sectional survey involving the administration of questionnaires. A total number of 400 questionnaires were distributed to the sample population to elicit answers from respondents. The data collections were primary data. The data were analysed and presented in tables. Frequency counts of agree and disagree responses were obtained and mean scores used for data analysis. Table 3 in the research, the total sum for agree is 120, with a mean score of (24), while the total sum for Disagree is 280 and the mean score is 56.This result shows that the respondents admit strongly on the non-availability of the modern emergency communication tools, and also strongly disagrees on the effectiveness of the available tools in the management of disasters incidents in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State. Table 4 from the research also shows that residents are not aware of some of the modern emergency communication tools as presented by the agencies and how they are to be used during disaster situations in the Metropolis. The study suggests that emergency management agencies should improve on the communication level with the public to bridge the poor communication gap between the agencies and the public. This will improve on the level of helplessness and hopelessness of the residents on information dissemination during disasters. This assertion agrees with the study by (USCDC, 2013) that the most valuable way of information transformations and dissemination are based on a new key player in emergency management, ‘the public’.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Disaster-Communication-Tools, Port Harcourt-Metropolis.

This research work investigated the Organization and Management of Girls’ Day Secondary Schools in Kaduna State. The research design adopted was a survey design. The independent variables were the respondents which include principals, teachers, students, parents and government officials while dependent variable includes organization and management of girls’ day secondary schools. This study was conducted in Girls’ Day Secondary Schools across Kaduna State. Objectives of the study include to; examine what constitutes the nature of organization of girls-day secondary schools in Kaduna State of Nigeria, and investigate the nature of management of girls’ day secondary schools in Kaduna State of Nigeria. A Multiple sampling technique was adopted to sample six hundred and forty-eight (648) respondents consisting of 300 males and 348 females. Two hypotheses guided the study. The instrument for data collection was the questionnaire which was duly validated and found to be reliable. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that there was a significant difference among the respondents on the organization of Girls’ Day Secondary Schools in Kaduna State, and there was a significant difference among the respondents on the management of Girls’ Day Secondary Schools in Kaduna State. It was recommended that government should improve on the organization of Girls’ Day Secondary Schools in Kaduna State by ensuring that roles are clearly defined and specified for smooth operation of work in the schools. That the right caliber of staff is employed and all necessary facilities made available with close supervision for effective teaching and learning in the schools.