Teaching and learning of English as second/foreign language either in a multilingual, bilingual or monolingual country has been a bone contention among scholars since decades. The intricacies in the foreign language teaching and learning initiated healthy discussions in the past and at present too. The conclusive deliberations of academia direct us the need to re-examine and re-evaluate the on-going language education programme within the perspective of testing and evaluation in order to find out the lacunae and consequently ensure the better functioning of an educational system in a country. Needless to say, it will help a country in finding out the pitfalls of the unsatisfactory out comes if any, in the existing on-going language education programme (LEP). Furthermore, it would work as supplements for the betterment of a nation in terms of language evaluation. In this technological and global era, the teaching and learning a foreign language (TLFL) should be looked upon as its most valuable resource in the national growth. English is now a lingua franca in the entire world. It connects the people of the world in general.
The present study discusses in detail the issues and factors that are generally responsible for the conditions that become hurdles on way to the progress of the F LEP in a country. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of some of the key issues and challenges related to evaluation and assessment within the domain of FLEP. The study is basically intended to draw the attention of policy makers, curriculum planners, syllabus framers, linguist, educationists, experts of language pedagogy text book writers, language teachers towards the significance of testing and evaluation of a country etc. It is hoped that the author‘s viewpoints, arguments, concluding remarks and suggestions would be in the wider interest of the country. This in turn will hopefully assist in better evaluating the on-going FLEP in the broader perspective.
Keywords: Testing and Evaluation, teaching/learning of English as a foreign language, re-evaluation, assessment, NTS, FLEP

The term recreation appears to have been used in English first in the late 14th century, first in the sense of "refreshment or curing of a sick person" Lean et al. (2005) and derived turn from Latin (re: "again", creare: "to create, bring forth, beget.).Sports and recreation programs for young people often provide a vehicle for improving educational engagement, academic achievement, and job-readiness; reducing antisocial behavior; and providing avenues for more positive types of risk taking Nichols (2007).

Recreation refers to experiences and activities chosen and pursued by the individual in his/her free time; the basis being that the experience sought and activities pursued, in the real sense of the word, 're-creates' the individual so that he/she may be refreshed to enable him/her to resume daily obligations, whatever those may be John (1985). Recreation consists of an activity or experience, usually chosen voluntarily by the participant, either because of the immediate satisfaction to be derived from it, or because he perceives some personal or social values to be achieved by it. It is carried on in leisure time, and has no work connotations, such as study for promotion in a job. It is usually enjoyable and when it is carried on as part of organized or community services, it is designed to meet constructive and socially worthwhile goals of the individual participant, the group and society at large Richard (1996).

Migration has been considered as a complex phenomenon and it is having its effect both on socio-economic character of source and destination. Internal migration contributes a lot to the process of development in various ways. But the issues related to internal migrants have not been taken up seriously by policy makers. As a result the internal migrants and their household face a lot of problems both at source and destination. Keeping this in view this study is deigned to make an in-depth analysis of nature and composition of inter-state migration in India and issues encountered by inter-state migrants. Present study uses both primary and secondary data for analysing different issues of inter- state migration and tries to suggest some policy measures to address the issue related to internal migrants.
Keywords: Destination, residence, source, internal, work place

Many Indonesian use trademarks that are not registered, which results in disputes regarding the legal issues of trademarks. This research aims to know the legal protection given by the government to the owner of the registered trademark in Indonesia by analyzing how the implementation of trademark protections towards textile products where the registered trademark of textile products in Indonesia is classified as class 24. The methodology of this research is using normative law no. 20 year 2016 to analyze the issue and empiricallyknow the situation in the market.Researchers found that the government already has regulations for trademark legal protection. However, there are many dispute cases regarding the ownership of trademarks between textile entrepreneurs in Indonesia due to the implementation of the law that is not yet optimal as it requires consistency towards continuous monitoring, commitment, and evaluation from parties who enforce the law and regulation are crucial.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether perceptions differ, regarding the generative causes, consequences and the degree of satisfaction with conflict management by the Principal, between the two genders, between teachers with different years of teaching and between different levels of education. A total of 119 teachers from Greece participated in the survey carried out in the spring of 2022 through a questionnaire. According to teachers, different causes can lead to conflicts with some being considered more important than others regardless of gender, level of education employed and years of teaching. The only reason that differentiated the answers between teachers working at different levels of education was the social factor, which was judged as more important by the teachers of secondary education. In addition, in the teachers of secondary education, conflicts create more negative emotions, a drop in morale and an increase in work stress, while teachers with fewer years of experience feel the work environment more threatening. Finally, the degree of satisfaction with conflict management between teachers and parents differentiated the responses with those with more experience and men being less satisfied compared to those with less teaching experience and women who appeared more satisfied. In addition, women had more positive perceptions of how conflicts between teachers were managed by the principal. In conclusion, it is deemed imperative that education executives and teachers acquire the appropriate theoretical background in conflict management so that they can work for the benefit of the school organization and prevent their negative consequences.
Keywords: School conflicts, gender, years of service, level of education

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of conflicts in Greek schools and secondarily to investigate whether factors such as the area where the school is located and the level of education can differentiate the incidence of conflicts.119 teachers from different regions of Greece took part in the survey, which took place in the spring of 2022. For the purposes of the survey, a 5-point scale questionnaire was used. The results confirmed the existence of conflicts at multiple levels and with different intensity.The school region factor differentiated some of the teachers' answers, as did the level of education. Specifically, it was found that, in general, the frequency of conflicts in urban areas was higher than in rural areas.In addition, the factor of education level, primary and secondary, differentiated the responses of the teachers regarding the conflicts that occur between the principal/vice principal and parents, with the principals/deputy directors of the school needing to manage conflict situations more often. Finally, it was found that secondary education teachers have been more often faced with conflict situations than their colleagues working in primary education.In conclusion, conflicts are part of the daily life of the school, which both the teachers and the principal/deputy principal have to manage in order to increase the performance, the effectiveness of the school organization. In this direction, a constructive and productive management requires beyond the theoretical background a systemic approach from everyone.
Keywords: level of education, interpersonal conflicts, intergroup conflicts school location

The research deals with the issue of the selection of school principals based on the opinions of Secondary Education teachers of the Prefecture of Ioannina. In particular, their opinions were studied regarding the criteria, the method of selection, as well as the legislative framework in force (Law 4327/2015). In addition, the opinions regarding their contribution to the evaluation of the director of the school unit in which they are located are explored as well as the criteria based on which their effectiveness is evaluated.
From the statistical processing and analysis of the results, it appears that the teachers agree with the new legislative framework and specifically with the voting criterion, considering that the knowledge of the institutional framework is important, but they do not accept as a selection criterion the participation of the parents and guardians' association and the participation of the elected officials of Regional Service Council of Secondary Education (PYSDE). Because they consider that their selection is made on the basis of party criteria, they agree with the equality of administrative-electoral votes and the presence of a judge in the selection board. They consider that the profile of an effective manager is based more in terms of experience and less in terms of knowledge, emphasizing first his personality and general constitution, then his service situation and his teaching experience and finally his scientific qualifications.
Finally, there is no discrepancy regarding the educational evaluation in which they and the Principals of Secondary Schools wish to take part, while they do not consider the participation of the association of parents and guardians as well as the school counselors necessary.
Keywords: Evaluation, Opinions, Principals of School Units, Selection criteria, Effectiveness

It is important to know whether people with intellectual disabilities meet the minimum recommended levels of physical activity which correspond to 10,000 steps per day as they are an important determinant of their health.For this purpose, research was carried out in which a total of 33 people with intellectual disabilities from Greece, aged between 14 and 25 years old, attended creative employment programs after completing school lessons, took part. To test whether there are differences in total daily and weekend pedometric physical activity between people with intellectual disabilities and the guidelines, a one sample T-test analysis was performed and showed that people with intellectual disabilities perform significantly fewer steps per day and in the three conditions. Next, the effect of the factor BMI and age on the total weekday and weekend was investigated. These results showed that BMI is not a limiting factor as the participants performed approximately the same number of steps in all three conditions. On the other hand, age separated the participants with the youngest participants taking fewer steps than the oldest. In conclusion, people with intellectual disabilities do not manage to achieve the guidelines, as a result of which they cannot obtain the expected benefits. Special attention needs to be paid to this population as their health is at greater risk.
Keywords: physical activity, pedometers, walking, adults, adolescents,