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Volume 03 - Issue 10


Paper Title :: Authentic Leadership as an Effective Tool for Enhancing Productive Tendencies and Followership Motivation
Author Name :: Sunday Ewah || Joseph I. Ogah || Uno Ilem Ajah.
Country :: Nigeria
Page Number :: 01-11
The research paper is premised on authentic leadership as a modern management tool that is most likely to improve outcome and productivity in organization. The researchers formulated three research objectives, which also guided the formulation of research questions and hypotheses. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire administered randomly to respondents in ten cities in Nigeria. The researchers tested the three hypotheses developed for the study using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the major findings include, (1) authentic leadership in an organization does not encourage or lead to corporate deficiencies and management malfeasance, (2) authentic leadership in practice does not degenerate to decline in productive tendencies and followers motivation, and (3) authentic leadership traits, such as vision, self-confidence, decisiveness, and good sense of judgment, positively influence outcome of events in work situation. In conclusion it was recommended that at all time the leader of a team in a work environment should maintain a high degree of truthfulness and consistency in actions and behaviour in order to command followership.
Keywords: Authentic, Leadership, Productivity, Organizations, Truthful, Consistency.
[1]. Anyanwu, A. (2005) Research Methodology in Business and Social Sciences. First Edition. Owerri, Nigeria Canun Publishers Nig, Ltd. 259p
[2]. Avolio, B. (2010) Pursuing Authentic Leadership Development. In N. Nohria and R. Khurana (Eds), Hand
[3]. Book of Leadership Theory and practice: A Harvard Business School Centennial Colloquium, Boston
[4]. Avolio, B., Walumbwa, F. and Weber, T. (2009) Leadership; Current Theories, Research and Future Direction. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 421 – 449
[5]. Besen, F., Tecchio, E., and Fialho, F. A. P. (2015) Authentic Leadership and Knowledge Management.

Paper Title :: Vegetable Cover of Soils in the Kwilu Valley in Bulungu Territory/ Rd. Congo
Author Name :: Azangidi M || Kidikwadi T || Lutete L || Belesi K || Lubini A
Country :: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Page Number :: 12-21
Through spatio-temporal analyses, the present study focused on the evolution of the vegetation cover of soils between 2001 and 2018. The Mikwi, Kwilu-Kimbata and Kilunda Sectors in the Bulungu Territory, Kwilu Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo constitute our dition. The area thus defined fits well into the Kasai Sector, the Regional Center of Guinean-Congolese Endemism. The estimated area is equivalent to 385101.8 ha. The main objective of the study consisted in discovering the direction of the evolution of the plant cover by quantifying the reduction of the area between 2001 and 2018, in order to foresee actions that could mitigate the effects of the original causes. The material used for this research consisted mainly of botanical samples for scientific identification and characterization, vegetation maps of the Kwilu Province, satellite images covering the study area. Surveys of the sites were carried out based on the observations of the constituent elements of the environmental factors. The results obtained show that the base and terminal years are marked by the predominance of the light green color which corresponds to herbaceous formations. Despite this prevalence of the light green color between the two years, the difference in contrast is very significant, reflecting a regressive evolution of the forests marked by a decrease in the bright green and light green colouring (secondary forests). Statistical analyses indicate that the rate of deforestation between the two reference years is 23.90% with an average annual rate of deforestation per hectare of 1.32%. Applied analysis of variance shows a significant difference between the two years, with ANOVA (f=1.865; df=6.392; p value=0.9997). The expansion of agricultural areas, the exploitation of timber and fuelwood, and the manufacture of charcoal are indicators of the degradation of these forests that induce regressive forest dynamics. These disturbances have effects on biological resources, agricultural production, climate and water.
Keywords: Kwilu Valley, Ecosystem, Vegetation cover, Land cover, Deforestation, Degradation.
[1]. Anonymous, (1983) Tropical Forest ecosystem. A report on the state of knowledge prepared by UNESCO, UNEP and FAO, printed by Presses Universitaires de Paris, France 736 pp.
[2]. Barima (2010) Relationship between floristic composition and indicators of vegetation cover fragmentation in a forest-savanna transition region.
[3]. Belesi K.H., (2009 b) Informal drivers of deforestation in the DRC-Final research report (Consultancy in collaboration with Greenpeace / DRC), Kinshasa, 115 p.
[4]. Bogaert J. Bamba I., Kabulu JP., Koffi K.J De Conniere C., Visser M. et Sobomana S. (2008) Fragmentation of Forest Landscapes in Central Africa ; causes, conséquences and management. In Patterns and Processus in Forest Landscapes;
[5]. Defourny J-P., Delhage C., Kibambe L., J-P., (2012) Quantitative analysis of the causes of deforestation and forest degradation in the Democratic Republic of Congo. FAO report, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Paper Title :: Management and Leadership Roles of Learner Representative Council Members at Schools
Author Name :: Selma Ndeyapo Kandjengo || Elock Emvula Shikalepo
Country :: Namibia
Page Number :: 22-31
Public schools in Namibia are mandated to establish a learner leadership structure to assist with the management and leadership functions of schools. The purpose of the study was to establish the management and leadership functions of Learner Representative Council members in schools, with the aim of raising awareness among school communities about the exactfunctions of the Learner Representative Councils members in schools.A case study design was used for the study, whose sample comprised of a school principal, teachers and learners of Oshana Region. All participants were selected using purposive sampling. The data was collected with document analysis, semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, observation and journaling, and analysed by establishing themes. The study found out that the management and leadership roles of Learner Representative Council members relate to the supervision of study and tests at school, monitoring of other learners at school and leading in organising social events and activities at school. In addition, learner leaders were also charged with the responsibility of being a conduit for communications between teachers and learners at school.The study established that Learner Representative Council members have proven management and leadership functionsat school, for which the school should afford learner leaders an opportunity to exercise their management and leadership responsibilities. The study recommended that school authorities should educate the learner community about the necessity, presence and roles of the Learner Representative Council to ensure less resistance from learners towards learner leaders for a smooth execution of the management and leadership functions by learner leaders.
Keywords: Learner leadership, Learner representative council, Leadership, Management, learner voice, learner leader
[1]. Berg, B. L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for social sciences (4thed.). Boston: Allyn& Bacon.
[2]. Bertram, C., & Christiansen, L. (2014). Understanding research: An introduction to reading research. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers.
[3]. Borg, S. (2001). The research journal: a tool for promoting and understanding researcher development. Language Teaching Research, 5(2), 156-177.
[4]. Bush, T. (2003). Theories of educational leadership and management (3rded.). London: SAGE Publications.
[5]. Chavez, C. (2008). Conceptualizing from inside: advantages, complications and demands on insider positionality. The Qualitative Report, 13(3), 474-494.

Paper Title :: Study on the reflection of the thoughts and ideas of Rajani Kanta Sen, Composer cum Lyrist and eminent Poet among the future generation and to spread the message to the cultural minded people about the Art and Culture of Bengali Song
Author Name :: Dr. Pradip Kumar Das || Mrs. Kumkum Bhattacharyya || Mr.Haradhan Rakshit || Mr. Subhankar Bhattacharyya
Country :: India
Page Number :: 32-37
Remembering the works of Great Poet cum Composer and Lyrist, RajaniKanta Sen on the occasion of 155 years of his Birth celebration, a vibrating message is given to the future generation and encourage them to cultivate his thoughts and ideas so that they can prepare themselves to stand in their own foot and to create a congenial cultural atmosphere in future and they will be motivated to involve the next generation in the same way so that a sustainable cultural development can be achieved. This Seminar cum training workshop is also initiated with a noble cause of motivating and guiding the cultural minded participants for starting their own venture in cultural programme which added another feather of achievement to its hat So one day seminar cum training workshop conducted by Swasthya Bhabna Welfare Society and Surangan-Abhijnan make the ground work for the trainees with motivation for setting up congenial cultural environment in their vicinity.
Keywords: Rajanikanta- Poet cum Composer and Lyrist, Swasthya Bhabna Welfare Society & Surangan-Abhijnan- Registered Society under Govt. Societies Registration Act
[1]. Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Sen, Rajanikanta". In Islam, Sirajul; Sayeed, Abul (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
[2]. "Rajanikanta Sen" (in Bengali). Abasar. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
[3]. Pandit, Nalini Ranjan (1921). Kanta Kabi Rajanikanta. Bengal Book Company.
[4]. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
[5]. "Anandabazar Patrika 26 July 2016". Retrieved 26 July 2018.

Paper Title :: Participation of Women in the Unorganized Sector; Causes and Their Contribution to Household Income for their Children Education: A Case of Women Servants in Aligarh
Author Name :: Elhamuddin Safi || Dr. AbulAzeez N. P.
Country :: India
Page Number :: 38-44
The unorganized sector becomes the central part of the Indian economy, where household-based manufacturing and non-manufacturing activities are being done. National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) in 2009-10 shows that the total employment in India was 46.5 crore, which consisted of 2.8 crores in the organized/formal sector while the remaining 43.7 crores in the unorganized sector. The unorganized sector employment sequences have comprised of agriculture 24.6 crores, construction 4.4 crore, manufacturing, and service sectors. Many studies indicated that women workers in unorganized are busy with rag works, pickers, domestic services, coolies, vendors, beauticians, construction working and garment works. Almost all studies and research have been agreed that women workers in unorganized sectors face with almost same challenges and problems due to lack of education and skills, but it should be mentioned that even unfair working condition, low wages, discrimination, hard work and unlighted life, their earned income contribute to total household income. This study tries to explore the causes of participation of women in the unorganized sector, especially in domestic servants, and its effects on household income and their children's education, which makes the challenge to contemporary India. So, this study based on a survey approach to gathering information through a structured questionnaire directly from the households, servants, who already involved in the field-work in New Sir Syed Nagar, Aligarh. The result of the survey will be analyzed using descriptive statistical tools.n
Keywords: Women Workers, Unorganized Sector, Domestic workers, Income Contribution, Children Education
[1]. Monisha S. and Rani PL. (2016); Women Working in Unorganized Sector – A Conceptual Study. Indian Journal of Applied Study. ISSN – 2249-555X.
[2]. Dr. K.A. Rajanna (2015) Socio-economic Status of Women Workers in Construction Industry: a Case Study. Chikmagalur District of Karnataka. IJMSS Vol.03 Issue-03, (March, 2015) ISSN: 2321-1784 International Journal in Management and Social Science (Impact Factor- 3.25).
[3]. Wadhera, K. (1976), The New Bread-winners: Study on Situation of Young Working Women, VishwaYuvak Kendra, New Delhi.
[4]. Tripathy S.N and Das, S. 1991. Informal women laborer in India. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.
[5]. Dholakia, Ravindra H. (1992), “Wage Differentials between Sexes in India: An Explanation”, in Sharma, Alakh N. and Singh, Seema (ed), “Women and Work Changing Scenario in India”, Indian Society of LaborEconomics and B.R. Publishing Corporation.

Paper Title :: A Historical Study on Indigenous Beliefs, Rituals and Practices of the Adis tribe of Arunachal Pradesh
Author Name :: Prof. Ashan Riddi || Shri, Nuyu Mize
Country :: India
Page Number :: 45-52
Every tribe has their own religious beliefs and practices and their religion is mainly concerned with the worship of God and Spirits. Arunachal Pradesh is a land of numerous tribes having different ethnic and linguistic background. Among this tribe, Adis is a major tribe of the Tani group of Arunachal Pradesh having their unique history of the indigenous religion, rituals ad practices from generation to generation. In fact the lack of indigenous written records and scriptures among Adi people had great barrier in the reconstruction of their history. The Adis had their own rich traditional beliefs and practices called Donyi-Polo or Donyi-Polosim religion. In the simple literary term „Donyi‟ means the sun and „Polo‟ means the moon. The Adis society has a faith and belief on Donyi-Polo (the supreme being of the universe) since the birth of human being. They believe that Donyi-Polo is the planner, creator, and preserver of all beings including planets of the universe. Further Adis indigenous rituals practices like animals sacrifice, role of miri (priest), Rogum (ritual to cure bad omen and dream), Riddin Punam (ritual to tied sacred thread to hair or wrist of a person), Motum-moyeng (sacrifice of domestic animal at the gate to protect evil spirit), Ipak (ritual practices for curing sickness), etc., had play a key role for the indigenous rituals ceremonies to cure the ailing person without meditation and pray for them had great significant. With this background, the present study makes an attempt to highlight the indigenous religious, ritual and practices through historical study of the Adis of Arunachal Pradesh. Further, it endeavors to give a historical account on religion ceremonies of the Adis community which practices from their generation.
Keywords: Donyi-Polo, Miri, Ceremonies, ritual practices.
[1]. Shri, Tahan Tali Ex-ASM of Pangkang Kumku village. 20.02.2019.
[2]. Er. Tayi Taggu, Director of Indigenous Faith, Itanagar. 30.05.2019
[3]. Shri, Kaling Borang, Social Worker, Pasighat. 18.12. 2019.
[4]. Shri, Bani Danggen, Public Leader, Yingkiong. 25.02.2018.
[5]. Shri, Tapon Tasing, Goan Bura, Riga Village, 05.01.2020.

Paper Title :: Residential Factors Association towards Pneumonia among Indonesian Toddlers: A Meta-Analysis
Author Name :: Gressy Rizkiana || Nurjazuli || Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Country :: Indonesia
Page Number :: 53-58
Pneumonia is widely known as an acute respiratory infection or inflammation that attacks the human lungs and has become The Forgotten Silent Killer of Children. UNICEF 2019 stated that 15% of toddler deaths are caused by pneumonia or around 802,000 child deaths under five years of age worldwide with a 10,4% Incidence rate. The incident of pneumonia occurs in Asia and Africa, specifically in the middle–low-income countries. One of the risk factors of pneumonia among toddlers was residential factors. This study aimed to determine the residential factors which were associated with pneumonia among toddlers through a meta-analysis approach. The meta-analysis was conducted by collecting 22 case-control studies from several journals. The combined effect of odds ratios was calculated through a fixed effect model and random effect model using Microsoft Excel Epiyudin. Based on the results of the analysis on 8 variables of residential factors which were associated with pneumonia among toddlers, it was found that odds ratio and confident interval of the house occupancy density 2,29 (95% CI 1,70–3,06); room occupancy density 1,94 (95% CI 1,41–2,68); humidity 1,87 ( 95% CI 1,35–2,59); the intensity of lightning inside house 11,12 (95% CI 8,45–14,64); ventilation 2,46 (95% CI 1,94–3,11); house temperature 1,93 (95% CI 1,42–2,64); house floor 2,18 (95% CI 1,59–2,97); and type of wall 1,92 (95% CI 1,37–2,68). These results can be used as a screening method and appropriate intervention for pneumonia among toddlers.
Keywords: Pneumonia, residential factors, meta–analysis, odds ratio.
[1] Spesialis Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, “Pneumonia,” in Modul Respirologi, (p. 1593–5), Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 2018
[2] UNICEF, “Pneumonia,” Nov., 2019. [Online]. Available: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/pneumonia/ [Accessed: Oct. 8, 2020]
[3] NHS, “Overview: Pneumonia,” Jun. 30, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pneumonia/ [Accessed: Oct. 11, 2020]
[4] Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2019. Vol. 8, Kemenkes RI, Pusat Data dan Informasi, 2019.
[5] S. Hartati, N. Nurhaeni, D. Gayatri, “Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Pneumonia pada Anak Balita,” Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 15 (1), pp.13-20, 2012.

Paper Title :: Emotion Regulation in Junior High School Adolescents
Author Name :: Rosadi || Irwan and Dinni || Siti || Muthia
Country :: Indonesia
Page Number :: 59-63
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation as a strategy for adolescents in managing every emotion that is being experienced. The research subjects were six participants with the criteria of adolescents who have high emotional regulation scores, namely> 27 based on the mental emotional scale measurement published by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The results of this study indicated that there was an increase in the emotional regulation scores experienced by the six participants. Data analysis was also carried out with the SPSS version 21 program. The data analysis method used to see the differences in the pretest - posttest in determining the outcome of the intervention was the non-parametric test using the Wilcoxon test. The analysis showed that the value of Z = -2.675 with a significance of p = 0.007 (p <0.05). This indicates a significant difference between emotional regulation experienced by participants before and after following the group therapy process.
Keywords: emotion regulation, adolescents
[1]. Black, S., Pulford, J., Christie, G., & Wheeler, A. (2010). Differences in New Zealand School Student’s re- ported Strenght and Difficulties. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 39(9).
[2]. Djiwandono, S.E.W. (2005). Konseling dan Terapi dengan Anak dan Orangtua. Jakarta : PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.
[3]. Gross, J.J. (2007). Handbook of Emotion Regulation. New York : The Guilford Press.
[4]. Hurlock, E. B. (2003). Psikologi Perkembangan : Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan. Jakarta : Erlangga.
[5]. Kazdin. (2001). Behavior Modification in Applied Setting. Edisi 6. Wadsworth/ Thompson Learning. USA.

Paper Title :: COVID 19 Impact on Peri-urban Vulnerable Women in Ethiopia: the case of Mekelle City Surrounding
Author Name :: Yemane Zeray Mesfin || Seife Hailu Gebresellassie
Country :: Ethiopia
Page Number :: 64-73
A Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world since it was first identified in January 2020 in the People’s Republic of China. Given that transmission throughout the continent is inevitable, all African countries including Ethiopia are taking various actions in delaying and diminishing the peak of outbreaks. In line to these worldwide efforts, as part of the National effort, the National Government of Tigray has implemented successive ‘state of emergency’ decrees to lockdown cities and communities so as to curb the devastating effects of the infectious diseases before it apprehend the people and the national government. This study looks at the negative implication of the epidemic and the resultant lockdown on one group – the vulnerable women. Due to the lockdown, almost all their sources of income and livelihood are vanished, and they tend to be highly/negatively affected by the lockdown of the economy in the months due to the extended months of lockdown decision by the regional government. The objectives of the study are: i) identify the vulnerable women (sex workers, economically poor single women households, etc) in the area, ii) identify the major social, economic and psychological challenges they face in this time of lockdown, iii) design and explore intervention mechanisms to alleviate/eliminate their major problems, and iv) recommend to governmental and non-governmental organizations. The impact assessment is done in Tigrai region in the six sub-cities of Mekelle City Administration with peri-urban nature with the involvement of Women Affairs offices, Women Association and Social and Labor Affairs Offices of the sub-city in concern. Personal observation, interview questions, questionnaires and official data have been used. And the findings indicate that women in peri-urban area are so negatively affected by the measures taken by the Government to curve the spread of the outbreak. So, serious during and post pandemic interventions are needed with legal and institutional frameworks which can address the issue sustainably.
[1]. African Union (2020). Africa Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 OUTBREAK. https://africacdc.org/download/africa-joint-continental-strategy-for-covid-19-outbreak/
[2]. ACAPS (2020). COVID-19 Governments measures. https://www.acaps.org/covid19-government-measures-dataset
[3]. Adem, K. (April 14, 2020). Commentary: Ethiopia’s postponed elections: Governing in the interregnum. addisstandard. Retrieved from https://addisstandard.com/commentary-ethiopias-postponed-elections-governing-in-the-interregnum/
[4]. Alemayehu Geda (2020). The Economic and Social Impact of COVID-19 and a Direction for Policy Response (unpublished, Department of Economics, Addis Abeba University/ www.researchgate.net/profile/Alemayehu_Geda)
[5]. Bantayehu, D. (April 10, 2020). Analysis: Deferred election, state of emergency and #COVID19–How can Ethiopia avoid an impending constitutional crisis?. addisstandard. Retrieved from http://addisstandard.com/analysis-deferred-election-state-of-emergency-and-covid19-how-can-ethiopia-avoid-an-impending-constitutional-crisis/

Paper Title :: Current Scenario and Challenges of Organic Market in India
Author Name :: Dr. V. Gurumoorthy
Country :: India
Page Number :: 74-77
Consumers in India prefer to turn completely organic in their food habits. Non availability of organic fruits and vegetable is still a concern and there is need for stronger supply chain. Organic beverages like tea have the highest value share followed by pulses and dairy products. The demand for Indian organic food products is on constant increase world wide as India exported organic products worth $ 515 million in financial year 2017-18, from $ 370 million in 2016-17.. A noteworthy trend that is being observed is gradual emergence of organic food as an essential part of the daily diet among the upper class population in India. The organic products market in India has been growing at a CAGR of 25 per cent and it is expected to touch 10,000-12,000 crore by 2020 from the current market size of 4,000 crore. Hence, against the scenario, the present study is attempted to highlight the current status and challenges of organic market in India.
Keywords: Organic market, current scenario
[1]. Bhattacharya, P., & Chakraborthy, G.(2005). “Current Status of organic farming in India and other countries”, Indian Journal of fertilizers, Vol-9, 1(9).
[2]. Tak A.V, Tak V.B(2010), “ Organic Farming Expanding Spread and Global Trends”, Financing Agriculture, Vol.42, issue 8, August.
[3]. Retreived from www.businesswire.com
[4]. Retrieved from www.prnewswire.com

Paper Title :: Wilderness as Refuge: A Study of A K Ramanujan's Folktales of India
Author Name :: Jhansi S || D Yogananda Rao
Country :: India
Page Number :: 78-81
Folklore is also termed as Folk literature, which consists of varieties of other forms like, folktales, folk plays, folksongs etc. The term ‘Folklore’ split into ‘Folk’ and ‘lore’ clearly describes its meaning as beliefs in the form of myth, legend or stories passed on from one generation to the other. Where ‘Folk’ stands for people and ‘lore’ indicates the traditions passed on from one person to other. These folklores exist from time immemorial and follow oral tradition.Folktales are the popular stories that have eternally flowed from the ancestors to the new generation. Thus they encompass the culture, value system, tradition and beliefs of older human societies. Re-reading of folktales will lead to better understanding of Indian ideology towards many entities including representation of wilderness/forest. In order to understand the representation of wilderness/forest in Indian folktales I have chosen A.K. Ramanujan’s Folktales from India consisting of more than hundred Indian folktales from different parts of India and translated from twenty two different languages. This collection includes the tales which teach moral skills required to lead a happy and truthful life along with establishing a clear imagery of ancient India and its tradition. The paper will attempt an in depth readingof the selected folktales to understand ancient India’s perspective about wilderness.
Keywords: Indian Folklore, Folktales, Folktales from India, Representation of Wilderness
[1]. Barry, Peter. (2010). Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, Viva Books, 3rd edition.
[2]. Buell, Lawrence. (1995). The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture. Belknap Harvard.
[3]. Garrard, Greg (2012). Ecocriticism – The New Critical Idiom.Routledge.
[4]. Gayathri, R. (2018). Contemporary Revisions of Indian Mythology and Folktales.Navajyoti, International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research. Volume 2, Issue 2.
[5]. Kusugal, Kavita.S. (2014). Indian Folktales: Ramanujan’s Interpretation. JIRAS, ISSN- 2320-1932. Volume 1, Issue 1.

Paper Title :: Challenges to the Study and Teaching of Religion in Higher Education
Author Name :: Peter Mwakalombe
Country :: Zambia
Page Number :: 82-90
The study and teaching of religion has existed from the beginning of recorded history.In Zambia, religion is taught in secondary school up to higher education. According to Dennis Kinlaw, religion is in two categories Poly/Pantheistic and Monotheistic. He explains that poly/pantheistic religions express themselves in pantheism and polytheism. (Kinlaw 2005:16). Polytheism sees nature as containing the divine and most Ancient Near Eastern religionsare examples including the present New Age movement (2005:17). In secondary school and tertiary level in Zambia,both monotheistic and poly/pantheistic religions are taught.Like other fields of study at tertiary levels are pursued with vigor and interest, thereis room for the study of religion to be pursued with robustness.
[1]. Berglund Axel-Ivar, (1992), Case Study 10: The Zulu. In A Lion Hand Book: The World Religions (Eds), (1st Ed., pp. 162-164). Oxford: Lion Publishing Plc.
[2]. Brown David A, (1975), A Guide To Religion. London: SPCK
[3]. Chizelu, John, Mabaya. (2006). Teaching Religious Education in a Multi-ReligiousSecondary Schools, (Doctoral Thesis), University of South Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa.
[4]. Dennis, Kinlaw, F (2005), Let’s Start with Jesus: A New Way of Doing Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
[5]. Hammer Raymond, (1992), Concepts of Hinduism, in Lion Handbook: The World`s Religion (Eds), (1st ed., pp. 185-196). Oxford: Lion Publishing Plc.

Paper Title :: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: Decline of bureaucracy, new public management and governance in Latin America
Author Name :: Johnson Marcelo Folleco Chalá || Mónica Alejandra Legarda Sevilla
Country :: Ecuador
Page Number :: 91-106
This study had the purpose of analyze the effects that lead to the decline of the bureaucracy; his current status; as well as the relevant aspects of the orthodox and heterodox currents, as premises for the emergence of new approaches to public administration, such as: The New Public Management NGP; Public politics; Governance; and, Governability, which have become in the new paradigms of contemporary and post-contemporary of the public administration. For this study are used the descriptive exploratory methods, backed up in the collection of data from secondary sources, in which various points of view are explained in the Latin American context on public policy, governance and governability, from the beginning and the socio-political situation current. Achieving results the sustenance who are supported on which the sustainability of the public policies and incorporation of social actors; the improvement of government management, through simplification of process and appeasement in the information and communication technologies; the strategies for the reciprocal recovery of the political and citizen trust for the strengthening of the democracy and the social and productive development; and, the identification of the mechanisms based on which the new styles of government, participatory action and upgrade of the quality of life of citizens.
Keywords: Bureaucracy, Government, Governance, New Public Management, Public Policy.
[1]. Aguilar Villanueva, L. F. (30 de 10 de 2007). XII Congreso Internacionaldel CLAD. La reforma del Estado y de la Administraciòn Pùblica. Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana, Repùblica Dominicana: CLAD.
[2]. Aguilar, L. F. (2008). Gobernanza: normalización conceptual y nuevas cuestiones. CuadernoS de Liderazgo nº17.
[3]. Aucocìn, P. (1996). Reforma administrativa en la gestiòn pùblica: Paradigmas, principios, paradojas y pèndulos. Instituto Nacional de Administraciòn Pùblica, 293-515.
[4]. Banco Mundial. (2017). Doing Business. Obtenido de https://espanol.doingbusiness.org/
[5]. Barzelay, M. (2003). La Nueva Gerencia Pùblica. Un acercamiento a la investigaciòn y al debate de las polìticas pùblicas. Fondo de Cultura Econòmica, 241-251.

Paper Title :: Juridical Study on the Implementation of Restorative Justice by the South Central Timor Police on Traffic Violations
Author Name :: Ayub Adonia Fina || Rini Marselin Kaesmetan || Alexander Franklin Tungga
Country :: Indonesia
Page Number :: 107-118
This research was carried out to further explain to the public about the existence of a problem-solving process outside the court (restorative justice) carried out by the Police against traffic violators that resulted in property damage. Restorative Justice is a series of out-of-court criminal settlement processes that aim to restore the relationship between the parties and the losses suffered by crime victims, restoring this relationship can be based on mutual agreement between the victim and the perpetrator.Traffic violations that result in damage to goods can be resolved through restorative justice, known as the mediation process, without any legal route taken. Restorative Justice at the Traffic Unit of the South Central Timor Police is based on a legal reference to the letter of the Chief of Police No.Pol B / 3022 / xii / 2009 / SDEOPS dated 14 December 2009, regarding alternative dispute resolution whereas a traffic police mediator gives authority to the perpetrator and victim in mediation. For the sake of creating certainty of legal benefits and justice. The targeted outputs include accredited national journal publications and socialization and local scientific meetings.
Keywords: goods, traffic violations, restorative justice, juridical
[1]. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation
[2]. M. Barda, N. Arief, Criminal Theories and Policy ̧ Bandung: Alumni, 1984.
[3]. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System.
[4]. IRMANSYAH. IMPLEMENTATION OF JUSTICE RESTORATION IN CHILDREN CONSISTING THE LAW, WIDYAISWARA YOUNG - BBPPKS REGIONAL V SULAWESI accessed from https://bbppksmakassar.kemsos.go.id/modules.php&name=AvantGofile=print&sid?name= = 200
[5]. ZEVANYA SIMANUNGKALIT, THESIS, "LEGAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS (Case Study at the Makassar City Police)", HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR, 2016 accessed from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/.

Paper Title :: Special Policies for Special Children: A Policy Review
Author Name :: Aafreen Naz || Prof. S.M. Jawed Akhtar
Country :: India
Page Number :: 119-123
The children born with special status are the indispensable part of our nation.They are the citizen of the country just like others although they need certain special treatment because of their special needs. The government of India tries to fulfill their requirements. It plays the role of guardian to secure their rights and ensure safety and security. The efforts of GOI are to make the Children With Special Needs (CWSN) the asset for the country. The major schemes, policies and laws are being reviewed in order to analyze he progress and ways to face the challenges.
Keywords: Disability, Securi
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Paper Title :: The Nation as aTool to regulate Markets? Rousseau´s and Fichte´s social philosophy re-examined
Author Name :: Philip Dingeldey
Country :: Germany
Page Number :: 124-133
The mainstream left liberalism has a dilemma to solve: On the one hand, many leftists criticize neo-liberalism, and its most extreme social consequences; but on the other hand, expressed simplified, many of those progressive movements have a cosmopolitan attitude. Even when those cosmopolitan actors are classified as politically left, they are not internationalists in a Marxian sense. Cosmopolitanism does not just need a civic liberalism, but economic globalisation as well. The consequence is an expansion of global markets and global exploitation. Left liberals criticise the last aspect without criticising globalism and cosmopolitanism per se. However, as Jean-Claude Michea (2009) has pointed out, such positions ignore that civic liberalism and economic liberalism come from the same theoretical origins and sources. So, if leftists defend civic liberalism, the logical consequence would be toaccept deregulated markets. In a Marxist terminology, this is a bourgeois attitude. That is why cosmopolitanism is linked to global markets and does not have the potential to criticize capitalism radically. Since the 1990s cosmopolitan thought is described as democratic, because of its universal foundations (Niederberger 2012: 422/ 428-434).1 This causes several conceptual problems. I want to highlight two of them:First, it gets ignored that solely nation-states do have the institutions and instruments, to regulate markets – and international and supranational organisationsdo not(Streeck 2014). Second, the idea of a nation was a progressive and emancipatory idea during end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, because it was associated with people´s sovereignty, but nowadays, this concept is controlled by right-wing nationalists. Contemporary left liberal (cosmopolitan) critiques deny the nation-state, too. For some good reasons they are anxious of nationalism and its negative effects, because it gets identified with chauvinism, xenophobia and racial discrimination. However, the mainstream result nowadays is not internationalism, but globalised liberalism and deregulated markets.
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Paper Title :: La comparación en la Administración Pública
Author Name :: Jorge Fernando Lasso Molina
Country :: Ecuador
Page Number :: 134-140
The study of Public Administration requires the application of methods and models that allow the development of tools that facilitate the application of concepts that, once operational, achieve an effective and efficient development of the public sector. Comparison is one of the methods it should allow to identify and analyze good / bad practices in Public Administration. This article presents an analysis of this method and as an application it presents the structure of the Ecuadorian public sector, identifying the main characteristics of the organizations that comprise it, which facilitates its comparison with structures and organizations in other countries, and even at the country level in a way intra regional.
Keywords: comparison, public administration, organizations, Ecuador.
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Paper Title :: Omni Channel Marketing Communication Strategic in Building Brand Engagement with Millennial Consumers (Case Study at PT Brodo Ganesha Indonesia)
Author Name :: Yoyoh Hereyah || Siti Junima Faradella
Country :: Indonesia
Page Number :: 141-150
Omni channel marketing comes as a solution to the changing of consumer behaviour in the 4.0 era which utilizes online and offline promotion channels to create a valuable customer experience. One of the successful and consistent businesses adopting omni channel for 10 years in Indonesia is Brodo. This study aims to see how the management model of omni channel marketing communication activities carried out by Brodo in building brand engagement with millennial consumers. The conceptual foundations used in this research are the 11 omni channel marketing communication tools from PR Smith and ZeZook and AISAS model. The method used in this research is a case study with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using the interview process and digital observation. The results showed that Brodo's existence for 10 years was the result of the integration of omni channel marketing communication activities with the use of the AISAS model in building brand engagement with millennial consumers which is then visualized into an omni channel marketing communication management model.
Keywords: Omni channel, Marketing Communication, Millennial, Brand Engagement.
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[2] Baxendale, S., Macdonald, E.K. and Wilson, H.N, "The impact of different touchpoints on brand consideration", Journal of Retailing, pp. 235-253, 2015.
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[5] Colombi, Chiara., Kim, Pielah., & Nioka Wyatt, “Fashion retailing “tech-gagement”: engagement fueled by new technology”, Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, Vol. 22 Issue: 4, pp.390-406, 2018.

Paper Title :: Quality of Service of Oemofa Health Center in Amabi Timur Kupang Regency
Author Name :: Marselinda Agustin Hege || Felki Melkianus Salukh
Country :: Indonesia
Page Number :: 151-156
The purpose of this study was to determine and improve the quality of health services in the working area of the Oemofa Health Center, Amabi Oefeto Timur District, Kupang Regency. This research is descriptive using a qualitative research approach. ZERVIQUAL (Service quality) analysis results. Tangibles dimension (direct evidence) medical facilities are incomplete and non-medical, the appearance of the officers is good, the service discipline is still less than the dimension of Reliability (Reliability), the skill of the officers is not good by providing training/seminars or providing further studies, and there are still officers who hold concurrent positions. The responsiveness dimension (responsiveness) is good enough for medical / non-medical officers to prioritize the interests of the customer/patient, but there are still service achievements that have not been going well, must respond more quickly and accurately to customer complaints, and the assurance dimension is still not good and specialist doctors, so that examinations and treatment are of higher quality, the empathy dimension (empathy) is good and continues to maintain service attitudes and behaviour.
Keywords: service quality; health centre; customer satisfaction
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